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Gaowu Formation
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Gaowu Fm base reconstruction

Gaowu Fm


Period: 
Cretaceous

Age Interval: 
Early Cretaceous, K1gw, (36a,b)


Province: 
Henan, Zhejiang

Type Locality and Naming

Eastern Zhejiang. The Gaowu Formation was erected by the Zhejiang Regional Geological Survey Team in 1989. The section for the designation is from Sizhai-Wuloujian at the juncture between the Zhuji and Shengxian counties of Henan. The Gaowu Formation represents the acid and moderately acid pyroclastic rocks with sedimentary rocks and vitric tuff beds between the Dashuang Fm and the Xitoushan Fm, which was assigned to Late Jurassic. The formation is the second rock formation upward in the Moshishan Gr.


Lithology and Thickness

The Gaowu Formation is represented by dark gray thick-bedded and massive rhyolitic crystal and vitric ignimbrite and dacitic brecciated vitric ignimbrite. It is 1242.2 m thick.


Lithology Pattern: 
Volcanic ash


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Its base marked by dark gray dacitic brecciated vitric ignimbrite is distinguished from the gray purple rhyolite of the underlying Dashuang Formation. It lies conformably with the underlying strata.

Upper contact

Its top is bounded conformably by the occurrence of gray thin- to moderately thick-bedded tuffaceous silty mudstone.

Regional extent

The formation occurs in the Longquan-Fenghua and Wenzhou-Xiangshan area of southeast Zhejiang. It is quite persistent in thickness, generally ranging from 800 to 1000 m, 3000 m at maximum in Dayan of Fenghua. In most areas there occur simple massive volcanic rocks, locally with small amounts of sedimentary rocks and intermediate and acidic lava. In Weicun of Lishui, Dashangang of Quzhou, Luofangqiao of Jinghua, Dalingjiao of Zhenhai, Shuangjian of Yiwu and Lizhai of Dongyang there is a number of sedimentary partings in ignimbrite some of which are about 100 m thick. In Fengshuping of Wencheng and Baishuipiao of Qingtian there exist 4-50 m thick rhyolite and to east of the Longtoukeng Village there occurs a andesite bed.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

The formation yields floras Otozamites linguifolius, Pagiophyllum sp., Brachyphyllum oversum, Cladophlebis browniana, Coniopteris sp.; and estherias Yanjiestheria sp.


Age 

In Yushanlong of the Jinhua County, zircon of rhyolitic tuff of the formation has given U-Pb age of 133±7 Ma. The potash feldspar of crystal tuff of the formation has given Rb-Sr age of 133 Ma. In Zaoli of Langya of the Jinhua County, the potash feldspar of crystal tuff of the formation has given Rb-Sr age of 133 Ma. Cao Zhengrao (1982), Chen Piji (1977, 1982) and Hu Guanghua et al (1984) assigned it to Early Cretaceous. Hao Yichun et al (1986) assigned it to the Upper Jurassic-the Lower Cretaceous. The assignment to the Early Cretaceous is adopted in this lexicon.Shown as Hauterivian interval in Xi et al. (2019). But radiometric dates for this formation are mainly in 135-130 Ma range => put as late Valanginian-early Hauterivian (Guangfu Xing, Jianqing Li, Zheng Duan, Mingxuan Cao, Minggang Yu, Pingli Chu, Rong Chen. Mesozoic–Cenozoic Volcanic Cycle and Volcanic Reservoirs in East China. Journal of Earth Science, 2021, 32(4): 742-765. doi: 10.1007/s12583-021-1476-1).

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Valanginian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.7

    Beginning date (Ma): 
134.13

    Ending stage: 
Hauterivian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.5

    Ending date (Ma):  
129.55

Depositional setting

The formation is of volcanic eruptive deposition


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Wan Xiaoqiao